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Young man in vigorous good health with right ventricular dilatation on echocardiogram
    Differential Diagnosis[Top] [Nav]
patient is a fighter pilot
    Discussion -- not available online[Top] [Nav]
    Update Comments[Top] [Nav]
  • Describes disproportionate increase in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular work during exercise. [101]
  • The right ventricle increases in size during prolonged exercise (the Ironman triathlon), whereas the left ventricle's size decreases. [102]
  • The cross-sectional area of the proximal right coronary artery was 40% larger (p<0.01) in a group of ultradistance runners, versus a control group of inactive men. [103]
  • Editorial on the Haskell paper. "It is intriguing to hypothesize that the increase in the right coronary artery area in these ultrmarathoners may be due to chronic hypertrophy of the right ventricle as opposed to the left ventricle in response to prolonged and intense endurance training." [104]
  • The following is idle speculation: This article reports a positive correlation between testosterone and spatial abilities. Could this carry over to pilots, who need good spatial abilities? If so, could it influence the sex ratio of their offspring? [105]
  • Excess of females, only after onset of multiple sclerosis in the father and, to a lesser degree, the mother. [107]
  • Excess of females. [108]
  • Twice as many females as males were born to diabetic mothers. [109]
  • First of 4 letters about the Rjasanowski article. [110]
  • The odds of having a son increase when the father is older than the mother, and increase in proportion to the difference. Interestingly, the age difference was maximal in 1947 (in Liverpool, at least), which might explain the falling proportion of male births since 1950. The age of the parents alone has a weak effect on the child's gender. [111]
  • Fails to confirm findings of the Manning paper above. [112]
  • This paper and the Bernstein paper debate factors affecting sex ratios in mammalian offspring. [113]
  • Debates the James paper. Interesting discussion of sex ratio genes. [114]
  • Declining proportion of males since 1951. [118]
  • Declining proportion of males since 1950. [119]
  • Declining proportion of males since 1950. Emphasizes that male proportion increased dramatically during World War II, so post-1950 trends may have element of regression-to-the-mean. [120]
    Footnotes in Print Edition[Top] [Nav]
    (1) ?????.
  ?????.   Aviat Space Env Med. 1986;57:A11.
Abstract #59. There was great concern in military circles when the report of right ventricular dilatation in fighter pilots was published. A NATO working group was convened to investigate the issue, but although I was in the fighter community until 1996, I have not heard more about the phenomenon.
    (2) The sex ratio of offspring of pilots of high performance military aircraft.
  Snyder RG.   Human Biol. 1961;33:1-10.
    (3) Sex ratio in offspring of pilots: a contribution to stress research.
  Goerres HP, Gerbert K.   Aviat Space Environ Med 1976 Aug;47(8):889-92.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    (4) Pilot and astronaut offspring: possible G-force effects on human sex ratio.
  Little BB, Rigsby CH, et al.   Aviat Space Environ Med 1987 Jul;58(7):707-9.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    (5) Altered sex ratio in children of divers [letter].
  Lyster WR.   Lancet 1982 Jul 17;2(8290):152.  Pubmed  Similars
    (6) Sex ratio in offspring of patients with multiple sclerosis [letter].
  Alperovitch A, Feingold N.   N Engl J Med 1981 Nov 5;305(19):1157.  Pubmed  Similars
    (7) Sex ratio in offspring of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma [letter].
  Olsson H, Brandt L.   N Engl J Med 1982 Feb 11;306(6):367-8.  Pubmed  Similars
    (8) Hepatitis B virus and sex ratio of offspring.
  Drew JS, London WT, et al.   Science 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):687-92.  Pubmed  Similars
    New References[Top] [Nav]

Right ventricle and exercise
    101.Extreme exertion and right ventricular function [editorial; comment].
  Hammermeister KE, Morrison DA.   J Am Coll Cardiol 1990 Jan;15(1):70-1.  Pubmed  Similars
    102.Different effects of prolonged exercise on the right and left ventricles [see comments].
  Douglas PS, O'Toole ML, et al.   J Am Coll Cardiol 1990 Jan;15(1):64-9.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    103.Coronary artery size and dilating capacity in ultradistance runners [see comments].
  Haskell WL, Sims C, et al.   Circulation 1993 Apr;87(4):1076-82.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    104.'Ultra' coronary arteries: bigger and better? [editorial; comment].
  Levine BD, Mitchell JH.   Circulation 1993 Apr;87(4):1402-4.  Pubmed  Similars

Fighter pilot offspring
    105.Spatial ability in androgen-deficient men.
  Hier DB, Crowley WF Jr.   N Engl J Med 1982 May 20;306(20):1202-5.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    106.The idea of spatial ability [editorial].
  Kagan J.   N Engl J Med 1982 May 20;306(20):1225-7.  Pubmed  Similars

Sex ratio -- specific diseases and exposures
    107.Sex ratios of the offspring of patients with multiple sclerosis.
  James WH.   Neuroepidemiology 1994;13(5):216-9.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    108.Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin [letter].
  Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, et al.   Lancet 1996 Aug 10;348(9024):409.  Pubmed  Similars
    109.Altered sex ratio in offspring of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [letter] [see comments].
  Rjasanowski I, Kloting I, et al.   Lancet 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):497-8.  Pubmed  Similars
    110.Sex ratio of offspring of diabetics [letter; comment].
  James WH.   Lancet 1998 May 16;351(9114):1514.  Pubmed  Similars
    111.Parental age gap skews child sex ratio [letter] [see comments].
  Manning JT, Anderton RH, et al.   Nature 1997 Sep 25;389(6649):344.  Pubmed  Similars
    112.Sex ratio unaffected by parental age gap [letter; comment].
  Arnold F, Rutstein S.   Nature 1997 Nov 20;390(6657):242.  Pubmed  Similars

Sex ratio -- genetics and biochemistry
    113.Follicular phase length, cycle day of conception and sex ratio of offspring [see comments].
  James WH.   Hum Reprod 1995 Oct;10(10):2529-31.  Pubmed  Similars
    114.Genetic control of the secondary sex ratio.
  Bernstein ME.   Hum Reprod 1995 Oct;10(10):2531-3.  Pubmed  Similars
    115.The sex of the baby may be related to the length of the follicular phase in the conception cycle [see comments].
  Weinberg CR, Baird DD, et al.   Hum Reprod 1995 Feb;10(2):304-7.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars

Sex ratio -- general epidemiology
    116.Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator?.
  Davis DL, Gottlieb MB, et al.   JAMA 1998 Apr 1;279(13):1018-23.  Pubmed+Abstract  Similars
    117.Gender preselection: facts and myths [see comments].
  Ruegsegger Veit C, Jewelewicz R.   Fertil Steril 1988 Jun;49(6):937-40.  Pubmed  Similars
    118.Change in male:female ratio among newborn infants in Denmark [letter; comment] [see comments].
  Moller H.   Lancet 1996 Sep 21;348(9030):828-9.  Pubmed  Similars
    119.Change in male:female ratio among newborn babies in Netherlands [letter; comment] [see comments].
  van der Pal-de Bruin KM, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, et al.   Lancet 1997 Jan 4;349(9044):62.  Pubmed  Similars
    120.Change in male proportion among newborn infants [letter; comment].
  Bromen K, Jockel KH.   Lancet 1997 Mar 15;349(9054):804-5.  Pubmed  Similars
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    ©1986-2000 John Sotos, MD. All rights reserved.  Last updated 16:34 PDT on July 4, 2000.[Top]

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